Vehicle Dynamics, Lateral Forces, Roll Angle, Tire Wear and Road Profile States Estimation - A Review

Estimation of vehicle dynamics, tire wear, and road profile are indispensable prefaces in the development of automobile manufacturing due to the growing demands for vehicle safety, stability, and intelligent control, economic and environmental protection. Thus, vehicle state estimation approaches have captured the great interest of researchers because of the intricacy of vehicle dynamics and stability control systems. Over the last few decades, great enhancement has been accomplished in the theory and experiments for the development of these estimation states. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in vehicle dynamics, tire wear, and road profile estimations. Most relevant and significant models have been reviewed in relation to the vehicle dynamics, roll angle, tire wear, and road profile states. Finally, some suggestions have been pointed out for enhancing the performance of the vehicle dynamics models

TiO2 as an Anode of High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review towards Practical Application

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are undeniably the most promising system for storing electric energy for both portable and stationary devices. A wide range of materials for anodes is being investigated to mitigate the issues with conventional graphite anodes. Among them, TiO2 has attracted extensive focus as an anode candidate due to its green technology, low volume fluctuations (<4%), safety, and durability. In this review, the fabrication of different TiO2 nanostructures along with their electrochemical performance are presented. Different nanostructured TiO2 materials including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D are thoroughly discussed as well. More precisely, the breakthroughs and recent developments in different anodic oxidation processes have been explored to identify in detail the effects of anodization parameters on nanostructure morphology. Clear guidelines on the interconnected nature of electrochemical behaviors, nanostructure morphology, and tunable anodic constraints are provided in this review